Polylactic acid (PLA) price April 2024 and outlook (see chart below)
- North America:US$2.31/KG, -0.4% down
- Europe:US$2.88/KG, -0.7% down
- Northeast Asia:US$2.26/KG, -1.3% down
- Southeast Asia:US$2.58/KG, -1.9% down
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Polylactic acid (PLA) price index
This post is a summary of the polylactic acid price developments. The price developments of polylactic acid are expressed in US$ prices converted FX rates applicable at the time when the price was valid. Polylactic price index developments are calculated from multiple separate sources of data to ensure statistical accuracy.
The outlook for polylactic prices, on the second tab, is generated from different inputs including:
- Very recent price developments of immediate cost drivers of polylactic acid prices
- Recent price developments of underlying feedstocks which drive the price of polylactic acid
- Market futures for both cost drives and feedstocks of polylactic acid prices
- Adjustment of current supply/demand imbalances in the polylactic acid market
- Longer term trends in likely demand conditions
Further information on the Polylactic acid (PLA) price chart
What is Polylactic acid (PLA)
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a thermoplastic polymer made from renewable resources such as corn starch, sugarcane, or cassava roots. It is commonly used as a substitute for petroleum-based plastics in various applications, including packaging, disposable tableware, and 3D printing filaments.
One of the key advantages of PLA is its biodegradability and compostability, which makes it a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics. It is also considered safe for food contact applications and has a low carbon footprint compared to traditional petroleum-based plastics.
However, the properties of PLA can be affected by factors such as temperature, moisture, and UV exposure, which can limit its use in some applications. In addition, the production of PLA from renewable resources can also be limited by factors such as the availability and cost of raw materials, as well as the efficiency of the production processes.
Despite these challenges, the demand for PLA is growing, driven by increasing concerns about the environmental impact of traditional petroleum-based plastics and the push for more sustainable materials and products. As a result, the market for PLA is expected to continue growing in the coming years, with new applications and production processes being developed to meet changing market demands.
How is Polylactic acid (PLA) produced
Polylactic acid (PLA) is produced through a process called polymerization, which involves the conversion of lactic acid monomers into a polymer chain. The main steps involved in the production of PLA are:
Fermentation
Lactic acid is produced through the fermentation of renewable resources such as corn starch, sugarcane, or cassava roots. This involves the use of bacteria or yeast to convert the carbohydrates in these resources into lactic acid.
Purification
The lactic acid produced in the fermentation process is then purified to remove impurities and improve its quality.
Polymerization
The purified lactic acid is then polymerized to form a polymer chain, which is the basic building block of PLA. This can be done through several methods, including solution polymerization, melt polymerization, and ring-opening polymerization.
Pelletization
The polymerized PLA is then pelletized, which involves cooling and solidifying the polymer into small pellets. This makes it easier to transport and handle the material, as well as to process it further into various products.
Processing
The pellets can then be processed into various products, such as packaging, disposable tableware, and 3D printing filaments, through techniques such as injection molding, blow molding, and extrusion.
The production of PLA is a complex process that involves several steps and the use of specialized equipment and materials. The efficiency and cost of the production process can be affected by factors such as the availability and cost of raw materials, the efficiency of the polymerization process, and the availability of specialized equipment and materials. As a result, the production of PLA is constantly evolving, with new and improved processes being developed to meet changing market demands and improve efficiency.
What drives the cost of Polylactic acid (PLA)
The cost of Polylactic acid (PLA) is driven by several factors, including:
Raw material costs
The cost of the raw materials used to produce PLA, such as corn starch, sugarcane, or cassava roots, is a major factor in determining the cost of the finished product. Fluctuations in the prices of these raw materials can have a significant impact on the cost of PLA.
Energy costs
The production of PLA requires a significant amount of energy, which can also contribute to the cost of the finished product. Energy costs, such as electricity and fuel prices, can have a significant impact on the cost of PLA production.
Production processes
The efficiency and cost of the production processes used to produce PLA can also impact the cost of the finished product. For example, advances in polymerization processes can lead to improved efficiency and lower costs, while the use of more expensive materials and specialized equipment can increase costs.
Regulations and policies
Regulations and policies related to the use and disposal of plastics can also impact the cost of PLA. For example, regulations that encourage the use of biodegradable materials or that impose fees or taxes on the use of traditional petroleum-based plastics can increase the cost of PLA.
These are some of the main factors that drive the cost of PLA, but other factors, such as exchange rates, transportation costs, and tariffs, can also have an impact. The cost of PLA is constantly changing, driven by fluctuations in these and other factors, and it is important for manufacturers and users of the material to be aware of these changes and to adjust their operations accordingly.
What is Polylactic acid (PLA) used for
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a thermoplastic polymer that is commonly used in various applications, including:
Packaging
PLA is used as a substitute for petroleum-based plastics in packaging applications, including food packaging, retail packaging, and medical packaging. Its biodegradability and compostability make it a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics.
Disposable tableware
PLA is used to produce disposable tableware, including cups, plates, and cutlery. Its biodegradability and compostability make it a more sustainable alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics, especially in applications where single-use products are required.
3D Printing
PLA is commonly used as a filament in 3D printing, as it is easy to work with and produces high-quality parts. It is widely used in applications such as prototyping, product design, and education.
Textile and Fabric
PLA is used in the production of fibers and fabrics, and as a filling material in various products such as pillows, cushions, and bedding.
Biodegradable plastics
PLA is used as a biodegradable alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics in applications such as agriculture and horticulture, where the material can be used to produce biodegradable mulch films, pots, and trays.
These are some of the main applications of PLA, but the material is also used in a variety of other applications, such as medical implants, automotive parts, and electronics. The demand for PLA is growing, driven by increasing concerns about the environmental impact of traditional petroleum-based plastics and the push for more sustainable materials and products. As a result, new applications and uses for PLA are being developed to meet changing market demands.
What types of Polylactic acid (PLA) are there
There are several types of Polylactic acid (PLA) that are differentiated based on the properties and applications of the material. Some of the most common types of PLA include:
Injection Molding PLA
This type of PLA is used in applications that require high strength and dimensional stability, such as the production of automotive parts, toys, and household goods.
Blown Film PLA
This type of PLA is used in applications that require high clarity and transparency, such as food packaging and retail packaging.
Fiber-grade PLA
This type of PLA is used in applications that require high strength and flexibility, such as the production of textiles and fabrics.
Medical-grade PLA
This type of PLA is used in medical applications, such as the production of sutures and implants. Medical-grade PLA is made to strict standards to ensure its biocompatibility and performance in medical applications.
High-Temperature PLA
This type of PLA is used in applications that require high heat resistance, such as the production of hot-fill containers and lids.
Biodegradable PLA
This type of PLA is used in applications that require biodegradability and compostability, such as food packaging and disposable tableware.
These are some of the main types of PLA, but the material can be modified and blended with other materials to achieve specific properties and performance characteristics for specific applications. The type of PLA used for a particular application will depend on the specific requirements and specifications of that application, as well as the end-use performance and environmental requirements of the material.
What are key properties of PLA
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable and compostable thermoplastic polymer that is derived from renewable resources such as corn starch, sugarcane, or cassava roots. Some of the key properties of PLA include:
Biodegradability and compostability
PLA is a biodegradable and compostable material, meaning that it can break down and return to the environment as organic matter in a relatively short period of time.
Renewable source
PLA is made from renewable resources, making it a more sustainable alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics.
Strength and stiffness
PLA has good strength and stiffness properties, making it suitable for a range of applications that require these properties, such as packaging and product components.
Heat resistance
PLA has a relatively low melting temperature and is not suitable for applications that require high heat resistance. However, modified forms of PLA with improved heat resistance are available for specific applications.
Clarity and transparency
PLA has good clarity and transparency, making it suitable for applications that require these properties, such as food packaging and retail packaging.
Barrier properties
PLA has good barrier properties, meaning that it can help to protect the contents of the package from moisture, gases, and other environmental factors.
Printability
PLA is a printable material, making it suitable for applications that require high-quality printing, such as retail packaging and promotional materials.
Dimensional stability
PLA has good dimensional stability, meaning that it retains its shape and size over time, making it suitable for applications that require precise dimensional tolerances, such as product components.
These are some of the key properties of PLA, and the specific properties of the material can vary depending on the type of PLA and the processing conditions used to produce it. In general, PLA is a versatile and sustainable material that is well-suited for a range of applications, making it an increasingly popular alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics.
How big is the global Polylactic acid (PLA) market
The global Polylactic Acid (PLA) market has been growing rapidly in recent years, driven by the increasing demand for environmentally sustainable and biodegradable materials. According to a report by Grand View Research, the global PLA market size was valued at USD 3.2 billion in 2020 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 17.2% from 2021 to 2028.
The growth of the global PLA market can be attributed to several factors, including the increasing demand for biodegradable and compostable packaging materials, the growing use of PLA in medical and healthcare applications, and the increasing demand for renewable and sustainable materials. Additionally, the development of new processing technologies and the introduction of new grades of PLA with improved properties are also driving the growth of the global PLA market.
The Asia-Pacific region is expected to be the largest market for PLA, due to the growing demand for environmentally sustainable materials and the increasing use of PLA in the packaging, medical, and agriculture industries. Europe and North America are also expected to be significant markets for PLA, driven by the increasing demand for biodegradable and compostable materials in these regions.
In conclusion, the global PLA market is expected to continue its strong growth in the coming years, driven by the increasing demand for sustainable and biodegradable materials, as well as the growing use of PLA in a range of applications.
According to https://oec.world/ :
Polylactic acid are the world’s 2612th most traded product.
In 2020, the top exporters of Polylactic acid were United States ($234M), Netherlands ($160M), Thailand ($114M), Germany ($18.8M), and China ($15M).
In 2020, the top importers of Polylactic acid were Netherlands ($108M), Germany ($82.2M), China ($73M), Chinese Taipei ($69.6M), and Italy ($61.6M).
Which countries produce the most PLA
The production of Polylactic Acid (PLA) is a rapidly growing industry, with several countries contributing to the global supply. Some of the major producers of PLA include:
China
China is the largest producer of PLA in the world and is home to several leading producers of the material, including TongDa and NatureWorks.
United States
The United States is home to one of the largest producers of PLA, NatureWorks, which is based in Minnesota.
Europe
Europe is home to several leading producers of PLA, including FKuR in Germany and Synbra in the Netherlands.
Japan
Japan is home to several leading producers of PLA, including Teijin and Mitsubishi Chemical.
South Korea
South Korea is home to several leading producers of PLA, including SK Chemicals and Hanwha Chemical.
These countries are among the largest producers of PLA in the world, and their contribution to the global supply of the material is expected to grow in the coming years, driven by the increasing demand for sustainable and biodegradable materials. In addition to these countries, several other countries, including India, Brazil, and Australia, are also contributing to the global supply of PLA.
Who are the major Polylactic acid (PLA) producers
The Polylactic Acid (PLA) market is dominated by a few major companies that are among the largest producers of the material in the world. Some of the leading companies in the global PLA market include:
NatureWorks LLC
NatureWorks is a leading producer of PLA and is based in the United States. The company produces a range of grades of PLA, including Ingeo, which is a biodegradable and compostable material used in a variety of applications.
FKuR Kunststoff GmbH
FKuR is a German company that is a leading producer of bioplastics, including PLA. The company produces a range of grades of PLA, including bio-based materials and biodegradable materials.
Teijin Limited
Teijin is a Japanese company that is a leading producer of PLA. The company produces a range of grades of PLA, including materials that are biodegradable and compostable.
Synbra Technology B.V.
Synbra is a Dutch company that is a leading producer of bioplastics, including PLA. The company produces a range of grades of PLA, including bio-based materials and biodegradable materials.
SK Chemicals Co., Ltd.
SK Chemicals is a South Korean company that is a leading producer of PLA. The company produces a range of grades of PLA, including materials that are biodegradable and compostable.
These are some of the largest producers of PLA in the world, and their contribution to the global supply of the material is expected to grow in the coming years, driven by the increasing demand for sustainable and biodegradable materials.
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