Terbium price index

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Terbium price index

This post is a summary of the Terbium price developments. The price developments of Terbium are expressed in US$ prices converted FX rates applicable at the time when the price was valid. Terbium price index developments are calculated from multiple separate sources of data to ensure statistical accuracy.

The outlook for Terbium prices, on the second tab, is generated from different inputs including:

• Very recent price developments of immediate cost drivers of Terbium prices
• Recent price developments of underlying feedstocks which drive the price of Terbium
• Market futures for both cost drives and feedstocks of Terbium prices
• Adjustment of current supply/demand imbalances in the Terbium market
• Longer term trends in likely demand conditions

Further information on the Terbium *price index

What is Terbium

Terbium is a chemical element with the symbol “Tb” and atomic number 65. It is part of the lanthanide series of elements, which are also known as rare earth elements due to their relative scarcity. Terbium is named after the village of Ytterby in Sweden, which is known for its rich deposits of rare earth minerals.

Key characteristics of terbium include:

Silver-White Metal

Terbium is a relatively soft, silvery-white metal.

Lanthanide Series

It is one of the 15 elements in the lanthanide series, which starts with lanthanum (atomic number 57) and ends with lutetium (atomic number 71).

Paramagnetic

Terbium is paramagnetic, which means it has unpaired electrons and is attracted by a magnetic field.

Unique Magnetic Properties

Terbium is known for its strong magnetic properties and is used in various magnetic applications, including in high-performance magnets and magneto-optical devices.

Phosphorescence

Terbium ions are used in the production of green phosphors that emit green light when exposed to certain forms of radiation. This property is essential in the manufacture of color television tubes, fluorescent lamps, and some LED lighting.

Neutron Capture

Terbium is known for its ability to capture neutrons, making it useful in some nuclear applications, such as control rods in nuclear reactors.

Low Natural Abundance

Terbium is relatively rare in nature and is not found in large quantities, which can make its extraction and availability a challenge.

Due to its unique properties, terbium has several specialized applications in technology and industry. It is particularly important in areas such as display technologies, lighting, and magnetic devices. Terbium compounds, like terbium oxide, are used in these applications to take advantage of its distinctive characteristics

How is Terbium produced

Terbium is primarily produced through a series of steps that involve mining, mineral processing, chemical extraction, and purification. The production process can vary depending on the specific ore source and the desired purity of the final terbium product. Here’s a general overview of how terbium is produced:

Mining

Terbium is typically obtained from rare earth mineral deposits, which contain various rare earth elements, including terbium. These minerals may include monazite, bastnäsite, or xenotime. The first step is to mine these deposits to extract the ore.

Crushing and Grinding

The mined ore is initially crushed and ground into a fine powder to facilitate further processing.

Beneficiation

The powdered ore undergoes beneficiation processes, such as flotation, to separate the valuable rare earth minerals (including terbium) from the gangue materials (unwanted minerals and rock).

Chemical Processing

After separation from the gangue, chemical processes are used to extract terbium from the ore. This typically involves acid leaching, where the ore is treated with acids, such as sulfuric acid, to dissolve the terbium and other rare earth elements.

Precipitation and Separation

The dissolved rare earth elements are precipitated from the solution through chemical reactions or pH adjustments. The resulting precipitate contains a mixture of rare earth elements.

Separation of Terbium

Separation processes, such as solvent extraction or ion exchange, are employed to separate terbium from the other rare earth elements in the precipitate.

Reduction

The separated terbium compound is reduced using high-temperature processes to produce metallic terbium. This may involve reactions with calcium or other reducing agents.

Refining

The metallic terbium undergoes further refining processes to remove impurities and obtain high-purity terbium.

Compounds and Applications

In many cases, the purified terbium is used to produce various terbium compounds, such as terbium oxide (Tb4O7), which have specialized applications.

Packaging and Storage

The final terbium product, whether in metallic form or as a compound, is cooled, crushed, and packaged for commercial use. It is often shipped in the form of a fine powder or as pressed pellets.

The production of terbium can be a complex and resource-intensive process, given the relatively low natural abundance of rare earth minerals and the need to extract and refine them to obtain pure terbium. The availability and cost of terbium can be influenced by factors such as geopolitical considerations, environmental regulations, and market demand for rare earth elements

What is Terbium used for

Terbium and its compounds have several important and specialized applications in various industries due to their unique properties. Some of the common uses of terbium include:

Phosphors

Terbium is a key component in the production of green phosphors used in various display and lighting technologies. These phosphors emit green light when exposed to certain forms of radiation and are used in color television tubes, fluorescent lamps, and some LED lighting.

Magneto-Optical Devices

Terbium compounds exhibit strong magnetic properties, making them valuable in magneto-optical devices. These devices are used in data storage, such as magneto-optical recording media.

Nuclear Applications

Terbium is used in some nuclear applications, including as control rods in nuclear reactors. It can capture neutrons, helping regulate the fission process.

Specialty Glass

In certain specialized glass formulations, terbium oxide may be used to achieve specific optical and color properties.

Magnetic Materials

Terbium is used in the production of high-performance magnets, particularly in applications where high-temperature stability and strong magnetic properties are required.

Semiconductor Materials

Terbium is used as a dopant in some semiconductor materials for specialized electronic applications.

Sensing and Detection

Terbium compounds can be employed in sensors and detectors due to their unique optical and magnetic properties.

Catalysis

Terbium compounds are used in some catalytic processes, although their use in this application is less common compared to other rare earth elements.

The distinctive optical and magnetic characteristics of terbium and its compounds make them valuable in these specialized applications. Terbium is one of the less common rare earth elements, and its properties are leveraged in technologies and industries where its unique attributes are particularly beneficial

How big is the global Terbium market

The main rare earth elements ranked in decreasing order of market size are:

Neodymium (Nd): Neodymium is often ranked as one of the most valuable rare earth elements due to its crucial role in the production of high-strength permanent magnets used in a wide range of applications, including electric vehicle motors and wind turbines.

Cerium (Ce): Cerium is among the most abundant rare earth elements and is used in various industrial applications, such as catalysts, glass polishing, and metallurgy.

Lanthanum (La): Lanthanum is used in catalysts, ceramics, optics, and as a component in certain types of batteries and fuel cells.

Dysprosium (Dy): Dysprosium is used to improve the high-temperature performance of neodymium-iron-boron magnets. It is essential for the growth of the clean energy and electric vehicle markets.

Praseodymium (Pr): Praseodymium is used in combination with neodymium to produce high-strength magnets. It is vital in the manufacture of electric vehicle motors and wind turbines.

Europium (Eu): Europium is primarily used in phosphors for color television tubes, LED lighting, and other display technologies.

Terbium (Tb): Terbium is used in phosphors for color television tubes, fluorescent lamps, and as an activator for green phosphors.

Yttrium (Y): Yttrium is not a lanthanide, but it is often grouped with rare earth elements. It is used in a variety of applications, including ceramics, superconductors, and phosphors.

It’s important to note that market rankings may change over time as new technologies and applications emerge and as supply and demand conditions evolve. The demand for rare earth elements is influenced by various industries, including electronics, automotive, renewable energy, and more. For the most current market information and rankings, it’s advisable to consult industry reports and market analysis from reputable sources